Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Effects of the Organic Extract of the Red Sea Marine Sponge Xestospongia testudinaria against Carrageenan Induced Rat Paw Inflammation

• Nagla A. El-Shitany,

  Affiliations Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

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• Lamiaa A. Shaala ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Lamiaa A. Shaala, Diaa T. A. Youssef

  Affiliation Natural Products Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jedda, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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• Aymn T. Abbas ,

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliations Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Gastroenterology Surgery Center, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt

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• Umama A. Abdel-dayem ,

  ¶‡ These authors also contributed equally to this work.

  Affiliation Animal Facility Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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• Esam I. Azhar,

  Affiliations Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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• Soad S. Ali,

  Affiliation Anatomy Department (Cytology and Histology), Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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• Rob W. M. van Soest,

  Affiliation Naturalis Biodiversity Center, Deptartment of Marine Zoology, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands

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• Diaa T. A. Youssef

  Contributed equally to this work with: Lamiaa A. Shaala, Diaa T. A. Youssef

  * E-mail: diaa22@yahoo.com

  Affiliation Department of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

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