Nocturnal Foraging by Red-Legged Kittiwakes, a Surface Feeding Seabird That Relies on Deep Water Prey During Reproduction

• Nobuo Kokubun ,

  * E-mail: kokubun@nipr.ac.jp

  Affiliations National Institute of Polar Research, 10–3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190–8518, Japan, Department of Polar Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 10–3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190–8518, Japan

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• Takashi Yamamoto,

  Affiliations National Institute of Polar Research, 10–3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190–8518, Japan, Graduate School of Fisheries Sciences, Hokkaido University, 3-1-1 Minato-cho, Hakodate, Hokkaido, 041–8611, Japan

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• Dale M. Kikuchi,

  Affiliation Department of Polar Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 10–3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190–8518, Japan

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• Alexander Kitaysky,

  Affiliation Institute of Arctic Biology, Department of Biology and Wildlife, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Irving 311, Fairbanks, Alaska, 99503, United States of America

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• Akinori Takahashi

  Affiliations National Institute of Polar Research, 10–3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190–8518, Japan, Department of Polar Science, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 10–3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa, Tokyo, 190–8518, Japan

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