Gene Diversification of an Emerging Pathogen: A Decade of Mutation in a Novel Fish Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia (VHS) Substrain since Its First Appearance in the Laurentian Great Lakes

• Carol A. Stepien ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Carol A. Stepien, Lindsey R. Pierce

  * E-mail: carol.stepien@utoledo.edu

  Affiliation Great Lakes Genetics/Genomics Laboratory, Lake Erie Center and Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, 43616, United States of America

  ⨯
• Lindsey R. Pierce ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Carol A. Stepien, Lindsey R. Pierce

  Affiliation Great Lakes Genetics/Genomics Laboratory, Lake Erie Center and Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, 43616, United States of America

  ⨯
• Douglas W. Leaman,

  Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, 43606, United States of America

  ⨯
• Megan D. Niner,

  Affiliation Great Lakes Genetics/Genomics Laboratory, Lake Erie Center and Department of Environmental Sciences, The University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, 43616, United States of America

  ⨯
• Brian S. Shepherd

  Affiliation ARS/USDA/University of Wisconsin at Milwaukee/School of Freshwater Sciences, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53204, United States of America

  ⨯