Electrically Stimulated Antagonist Muscle Contraction Increased Muscle Mass and Bone Mineral Density of One Astronaut - Initial Verification on the International Space Station

• Naoto Shiba ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Naoto Shiba, Hiroo Matsuse

  * E-mail: nshiba@med.kurume-u.ac.jp

  Current address: Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67, Asahimachi, Kurume city, Fukuoka 8300011, Japan

  Affiliations Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan, Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan

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• Hiroo Matsuse ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Naoto Shiba, Hiroo Matsuse

  Current address: Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67, Asahimachi, Kurume city, Fukuoka 8300011, Japan

  Affiliation Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan

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• Yoshio Takano,

  Current address: Division of Physical Therapy, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, 137–1, Enokizu, Okawa city, Fukuoka 8318501, Japan

  Affiliation Division of Physical Therapy, Fukuoka International University of Health and Welfare, Okawa city, Fukuoka 8318501, Japan

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• Kazuhiro Yoshimitsu,

  Current address: Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67, Asahimachi, Kurume city, Fukuoka 8300011, Japan

  Affiliation Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan

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• Masayuki Omoto,

  Current address: Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67, Asahimachi, Kurume city, Fukuoka 8300011, Japan

  Affiliations Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan, Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan

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• Ryuki Hashida,

  Current address: Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67, Asahimachi, Kurume city, Fukuoka 8300011, Japan

  Affiliations Department of Orthopedics, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan, Division of Rehabilitation, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Fukuoka, Japan

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• Yoshihiko Tagawa,

  Current address: Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1–1, Sensui, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu city, Fukuoka 8048550, Japan

  Affiliation Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan

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• Tomohisa Inada,

  Current address: Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 1–1, Sensui, Tobata-ku, Kitakyushu city, Fukuoka 8048550, Japan

  Affiliation Department of Mechanical and Control Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan

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• Shin Yamada,

  Current address: Space Environment Utilization Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan

  Affiliation Space Environment Utilization Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

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• Hiroshi Ohshima

  Current address: Space Environment Utilization Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, 2-1-1, Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan

  Affiliation Space Environment Utilization Center, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan

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