Characterizing the Impact of Commercial Pollen Substitute Diets on the Level of Nosema spp. in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.)

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

James C. Fleming,

Affiliation Entomology and Nematology Department, 970 Natural Area Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, United States of America
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Daniel R. Schmehl ,

* E-mail: daniel.schmehl@bayer.com

Current address: Bayer CropScience, 2 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, 27709, United States of America

Affiliation Entomology and Nematology Department, 970 Natural Area Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, United States of America
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James D. Ellis

Affiliation Entomology and Nematology Department, 970 Natural Area Drive, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32611, United States of America
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Bees
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Pollen
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Diet
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Nosema
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Sucrose
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Honey bees
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Trophic interactions
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Spring
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