Causality Analysis: Identifying the Leading Element in a Coupled Dynamical System

• Amir E. BozorgMagham ,

  * E-mail: amirb@atmos.umd.edu

  Affiliation Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science (AOSC), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA

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• Safa Motesharrei,

  Affiliations National Socio–Environmental Synthesis Center (SESYNC), Annapolis, Maryland 21401, USA, Department of Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, 20742, USA, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA

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• Stephen G. Penny,

  Affiliations Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science (AOSC), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), College Park, MD 20740, USA

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• Eugenia Kalnay

  Affiliations Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science (AOSC), University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA, Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA

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