Demographic and Spatiotemporal Patterns of Avian Influenza Infection at the Continental Scale, and in Relation to Annual Life Cycle of a Migratory Host

• Rodolfo Nallar ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Rodolfo Nallar, Zsuzsanna Papp

  Affiliations Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, Wildlife Conservation Society, Greater Madidi-Tambopata Landscape Conservation Program, La Paz, Bolivia

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• Zsuzsanna Papp ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Rodolfo Nallar, Zsuzsanna Papp

  Affiliation Environment Canada, Science & Technology Branch, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

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• Tasha Epp,

  Affiliation Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

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• Frederick A. Leighton,

  Affiliations Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

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• Seth R. Swafford,

  Affiliation United States Department of Interior, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Yazoo City, Mississippi, United States of America

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• Thomas J. DeLiberto,

  Affiliation United States Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Wildlife Services, National Wildlife Disease Program, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America

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• Robert J. Dusek,

  Affiliation United States Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

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• Hon S. Ip,

  Affiliation United States Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

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• Jeffrey Hall,

  Affiliation United States Geological Survey, National Wildlife Health Center, 6006 Schroeder Road, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

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• Yohannes Berhane,

  Affiliation National Centre for Foreign Animal Disease, Canadian Food Inspection Agency, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada

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• Samantha E. J. Gibbs,

  Affiliation United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Division of Migratory Bird Management, Laurel, Maryland, United States of America

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• Catherine Soos

  * E-mail: catherine.soos@ec.gc.ca

  Affiliations Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, Environment Canada, Science & Technology Branch, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada

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