Effects of Tramadol on Substantia Gelatinosa Neurons in the Rat Spinal Cord: An In Vivo Patch-Clamp Analysis

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Hiroyuki Yamasaki,

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
⨯
Yusuke Funai,

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
⨯
Tomoharu Funao,

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
⨯
Takashi Mori ,

* E-mail: m1377033@med.osaka-cu.ac.jp

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
⨯
Kiyonobu Nishikawa

Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
⨯

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Neurons
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Spinal cord
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Drug administration
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Analgesics
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Neurotransmission
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Metabolites
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Opioids
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Serotonin
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