National Income Inequality and Declining GDP Growth Rates Are Associated with Increases in HIV Diagnoses among People Who Inject Drugs in Europe: A Panel Data Analysis

• Georgios K. Nikolopoulos ,

  * E-mail: gknikolopoulos@gmail.com

  Affiliations Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece, Hellenic Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Amarousio, Greece

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• Anastasios Fotiou,

  Affiliations Greek Reitox Focal Point of the EMCDDA, University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece, Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece

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• Eleftheria Kanavou,

  Affiliation Greek Reitox Focal Point of the EMCDDA, University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece

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• Clive Richardson,

  Affiliations Greek Reitox Focal Point of the EMCDDA, University Mental Health Research Institute, Athens, Greece, Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Athens, Greece

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• Marios Detsis,

  Affiliation Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece

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• Anastasia Pharris,

  Affiliation European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden

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• Jonathan E. Suk,

  Affiliation European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden

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• Jan C. Semenza,

  Affiliation European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden

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• Claudia Costa-Storti,

  Affiliation European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), Lisbon, Portugal

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• Dimitrios Paraskevis,

  Affiliation Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece

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• Vana Sypsa,

  Affiliation Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece

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• Melpomeni-Minerva Malliori,

  Affiliation Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece

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• Samuel R. Friedman,

  Affiliation National Development and Research Institutes, New York, New York, United States of America

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• Angelos Hatzakis

  Affiliation Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens University Medical School, Athens, Greece

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