Cartilage Conduction Is Characterized by Vibrations of the Cartilaginous Portion of the Ear Canal

• Tadashi Nishimura ,

  * E-mail: t-nishim@naramed-u.ac.jp

  Affiliation Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan

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• Hiroshi Hosoi,

  Affiliation Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan

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• Osamu Saito,

  Affiliation Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan

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• Ryosuke Miyamae,

  Affiliation Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan

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• Ryota Shimokura,

  Affiliation Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan

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• Toshiaki Yamanaka,

  Affiliation Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan

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• Tadashi Kitahara,

  Affiliation Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan

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• Harry Levitt

  Affiliation The City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America

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