A New Method to Quantify and Compare the Multiple Components of Fitness—A Study Case with Kelp Niche Partition by Divergent Microstage Adaptations to Temperature

• Vasco M. N. C. S. Vieira ,

  * E-mail: vasco.vieira@ist.utl.pt

  Affiliation MARETEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001, Lisboa, Portugal

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• Luz Valeria Oppliger,

  Affiliation Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

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• Aschwin H. Engelen,

  Affiliation CCMAR—Centre of Marine Sciences, University of Algarve, Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal

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• Juan A. Correa

  Affiliation Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile

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