Spirituality as a Scientific Construct: Testing Its Universality across Cultures and Languages

• Douglas A. MacDonald ,

  * E-mail: macdonda@udmercy.edu

  Affiliation University of Detroit Mercy, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America

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• Harris L. Friedman,

  Affiliation University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida, United States of America

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• Jacek Brewczynski,

  Affiliation Veteran Affairs and University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America

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• Daniel Holland,

  Affiliation The Neurobehavior Center of Minnesota, Edina, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Kiran Kumar K. Salagame,

  Affiliation University of Mysore and Indian Council of Social Sciences Research, New Delhi, Manasagangotri, Mysore, India

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• K. Krishna Mohan,

  Affiliation Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda and Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand

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• Zuzana Ondriasova Gubrij,

  Affiliation University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, United States of America

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• Hye Wook Cheong

  Affiliation Dongwoo Fine-Chem Co., Ltd. Mental Health Center, Pyeong Taek-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea

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