Passive Smoking in the Etiology of Non-Syndromic Orofacial Clefts: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

• Heba J. Sabbagh ,

  * E-mail: hjsabbagh@gmail.com

  Affiliations Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom

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• Mona Hassan Ahmed Hassan,

  Affiliations Department of Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry Kind Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Department of Biostatistics, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University. Alexandria, Egypt

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• Nicola P. T. Innes,

  Affiliation Paediatric Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom

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• Heba M. Elkodary,

  Affiliations Pediatric Dentistry Department, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Faculty of Dental Medicine (Girls’ Branch), Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

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• Julian Little,

  Affiliation Human Genome Epidemiology, School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

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• Peter A. Mossey

  Affiliation Division of Oral Health Sciences and WHO Collaborating Centre for Oral Health & Craniofacial Anomalies, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom

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