The Cardiopulmonary Effects of Ambient Air Pollution and Mechanistic Pathways: A Comparative Hierarchical Pathway Analysis

• Ananya Roy ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ananya Roy, Jicheng Gong

  Affiliation Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

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• Jicheng Gong ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ananya Roy, Jicheng Gong

  Affiliation Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Duncan C. Thomas,

  Affiliation University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

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• Junfeng Zhang,

  Affiliation Duke University, Nicholas School of the Environment and Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America

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• Howard M. Kipen,

  Affiliation Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America

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• David Q. Rich,

  Affiliation University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Department of Public Health Sciences. Rochester, New York, United States of America

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• Tong Zhu,

  Affiliation Peking University, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and the Center for Environment and Health, Beijing, China

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• Wei Huang,

  Affiliation Peking University, School of Public Health, Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Institute of Environmental Medicine, Beijing, China

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• Min Hu,

  Affiliation Peking University, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, and the Center for Environment and Health, Beijing, China

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• Guangfa Wang,

  Affiliation Peking University First Hospital, Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Beijing, China

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• Yuedan Wang,

  Affiliation Peking University Health Sciences Center, Department of Immunology, Beijing, China

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• Ping Zhu,

  Affiliation Peking University First Hospital, Department of Hematology, Beijing, China

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• Shou-En Lu,

  Affiliation Rutgers School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America

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• Pamela Ohman-Strickland,

  Affiliation Rutgers School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America

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• Scott R. Diehl,

  Affiliation Rutgers School of Dentistry, Center for Pharmacogenomics and Complex Disease, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America

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•  [ ... ],
• Sandrah P. Eckel

  * E-mail: eckel@usc.edu

  Affiliation University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Department of Preventive Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

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