Zirconium Ions Up-Regulate the BMP/SMAD Signaling Pathway and Promote the Proliferation and Differentiation of Human Osteoblasts

• Yongjuan Chen,

  Affiliation Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia

  ⨯
• Seyed-Iman Roohani-Esfahani,

  Affiliation Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia

  ⨯
• ZuFu Lu,

  Affiliation Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia

  ⨯
• Hala Zreiqat,

  Affiliation Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia

  ⨯
• Colin R. Dunstan

  * E-mail: colin.dunstan@sydney.edu.au

  Affiliation Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Unit, School of AMME, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia

  ⨯