Effects of Single Injection of Local Anesthetic Agents on Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Ex Vivo and Long-Term In Vivo Experimental Study

• Koji Iwasaki,

  Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

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• Hideki Sudo ,

  * E-mail: hidekisudo@yahoo.co.jp

  Affiliation Department of Advanced Medicine for Spine and Spinal Cord Disorders, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

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• Katsuhisa Yamada,

  Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

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• Hideaki Higashi,

  Affiliation Division of Infection and Immunity, Hokkaido University Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Sapporo, Japan

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• Takashi Ohnishi,

  Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

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• Takeru Tsujimoto,

  Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

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• Norimasa Iwasaki

  Affiliation Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

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