Portable Optical Epidural Needle-A CMOS-Based System Solution and Its Circuit Design

• Cihun-Siyong Alex Gong,

  Affiliations Department of Electrical Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Portable Energy System Group, Green Technology Research Center, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan

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• Shih-Pin Lin,

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

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• M. Susan Mandell,

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Aurora, Colorado, United States of America

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• Mei-Yung Tsou,

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

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• Yin Chang,

  Affiliation Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

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• Chien-Kun Ting

  * E-mail: ckting@vghtpe.gov.tw

  Affiliation Department of Anesthesiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital and National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan

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