Early Activation of MAP Kinases by Influenza A Virus X-31 in Murine Macrophage Cell Lines

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Georgetta Cannon,

Affiliation Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Michelle A. Callahan,

Affiliation Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Jenny Q. Gronemus,

Affiliation Central Accessing Unit, American Type Culture Collection, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
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R. Joel Lowy

* E-mail: robert.lowy@usuhs.edu

Affiliation Scientific Research Department, Armed Forces Radiobiology Research Institute, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Macrophages
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Influenza
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Cytokines
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Phosphorylation
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Immune response
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Alveolar macrophages
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Inflammation
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MAPK signaling cascades
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