Variation in the Fitness Effects of Mutations with Population Density and Size in Escherichia coli

• Huansheng Cao ,

  ¶¤ Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, Illinois, United States of America

  Affiliation Louis Calder Center–Biological Field Station and Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Armonk, New York, United States of America

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• Kevin Butler ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Kevin Butler, Mithi Hossain

  Affiliation Louis Calder Center–Biological Field Station and Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Armonk, New York, United States of America

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• Mithi Hossain ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Kevin Butler, Mithi Hossain

  Affiliation Louis Calder Center–Biological Field Station and Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Armonk, New York, United States of America

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• James D. Lewis

  * E-mail: jdlewis@fordham.edu

  Affiliation Louis Calder Center–Biological Field Station and Department of Biological Sciences, Fordham University, Armonk, New York, United States of America

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