The Ginsenoside 20-O-β-D-Glucopyranosyl-20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Induces Autophagy and Apoptosis in Human Melanoma via AMPK/JNK Phosphorylation

• Soouk Kang ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Soouk Kang, Jong-Eun Kim

  Affiliations WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Jong-Eun Kim ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Soouk Kang, Jong-Eun Kim

  Affiliations WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Nu Ry Song,

  Affiliations WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea

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• Sung Keun Jung,

  Affiliations WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America, Functional Food Resources Research Group, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, Republic of Korea

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• Mee Hyun Lee,

  Affiliation The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Jun Seong Park,

  Affiliation Skin Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea

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• Myeong-Hun Yeom,

  Affiliation Skin Research Institute, Amorepacific Corporation R&D Center, Yongin, Republic of Korea

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• Ann M. Bode,

  Affiliation The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Zigang Dong ,

  * E-mail: zgdong@hi.umn.edu (ZD); kiwon@snu.ac.kr (KWL)

  Affiliation The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, Minnesota, United States of America

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• Ki Won Lee

  * E-mail: zgdong@hi.umn.edu (ZD); kiwon@snu.ac.kr (KWL)

  Affiliations WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea, Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea, Research Institute of Bio Food Industry, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea

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