Temporal and Contextual Consistency of Leadership in Homing Pigeon Flocks

• Carlos D. Santos ,

  * E-mail: cdsantos@orn.mpg.de

  Affiliations Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, Radolfzell, Germany, Departamento de Biologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Campus do Bacanga, São Luís, Maranhão, Brazil, Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal

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• Stefanie Neupert,

  Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany

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• Hans-Peter Lipp,

  Affiliations Institute of Anatomy, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland, School of Laboratory Medicine, Kwazulu-Natal University, Durban, South Africa

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• Martin Wikelski,

  Affiliations Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, Radolfzell, Germany, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany

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• Dina K. N. Dechmann

  Affiliations Department of Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Am Obstberg 1, Radolfzell, Germany, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany

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