Phylogeography of Bacillus anthracis in the Country of Georgia Shows Evidence of Population Structuring and Is Dissimilar to Other Regional Genotypes

• Ekaterine Khmaladze ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ekaterine Khmaladze, Dawn N. Birdsell

  Affiliations National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia

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• Dawn N. Birdsell ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Ekaterine Khmaladze, Dawn N. Birdsell

  Affiliation Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

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• Amber A. Naumann,

  Affiliation Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

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• Christian B. Hochhalter,

  Affiliation Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

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• Meagan L. Seymour,

  Affiliation Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

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• Roxanne Nottingham,

  Affiliation Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

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• Stephen M. Beckstrom-Sternberg,

  Affiliation Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

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• James Beckstrom-Sternberg,

  Affiliation Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

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• Mikeljon P. Nikolich,

  Affiliation Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, United States of America

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• Gvantsa Chanturia,

  Affiliation National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia

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• Ekaterine Zhgenti,

  Affiliation National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia

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• Mariam Zakalashvili,

  Affiliation National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia

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• Lile Malania,

  Affiliation National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia

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• Giorgi Babuadze,

  Affiliation National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia

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• Nikoloz Tsertsvadze,

  Affiliation National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia

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• Natalia Abazashvili,

  Affiliation National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia

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• Merab Kekelidze,

  Affiliation National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia

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• Shota Tsanava,

  Affiliations National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia

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• Paata Imnadze,

  Affiliations National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia, Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi, Georgia

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• Holly H. Ganz,

  Affiliation Department Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America

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• Wayne M. Getz,

  Affiliation Department Environmental Science Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America

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• Ofori Pearson,

  Affiliation US Geological Survey, Denver Federal Center, Denver, Colorado, United States of America

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• Pawel Gajer,

  Affiliation Institute for Genome Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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• Mark Eppinger,

  Affiliations Institute for Genome Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America, University of Texas at San Antonio, Texas, United States of America

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• Jacques Ravel,

  Affiliation Institute for Genome Sciences, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America

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• David M. Wagner,

  Affiliation Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

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• Richard T. Okinaka,

  Affiliation Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

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• James M. Schupp,

  Affiliation Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

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• Paul Keim,

  Affiliation Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

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•  [ ... ],
• Talima Pearson

  * E-mail: Talima.Pearson@nau.edu

  Affiliation Center for Microbial Genetics and Genomics, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, United States of America

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