Whole-Body Water Flow Stimulation to the Lower Limbs Modulates Excitability of Primary Motor Cortical Regions Innervating the Hands: A Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Study

• Daisuke Sato ,

  * E-mail: daisuke@nuhw.ac.jp

  Affiliations Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Japan, Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Japan

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• Koya Yamashiro,

  Affiliations Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Japan, Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Japan

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• Hideaki Onishi,

  Affiliations Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Japan, Department of Physical Therapy, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Japan

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• Yasuhiro Baba,

  Affiliation Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Japan

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• Sho Nakazawa,

  Affiliation Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Japan

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• Yoshimitsu Shimoyama,

  Affiliation Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Japan

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• Atsuo Maruyama

  Affiliations Institute for Human Movement and Medical Sciences, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Japan, Department of Health and Sports, Niigata University of Health and Welfare, Niigata City, Japan

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