Association of Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D with Lifestyle Factors and Metabolic and Cardiovascular Disease Markers: Population-Based Cross-Sectional Study (FIN-D2D)

• Maija E. Miettinen ,

  * E-mail: maija.miettinen@thl.fi

  Affiliation Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

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• Leena Kinnunen,

  Affiliation Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

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• Jaana Leiviskä,

  Affiliation Disease Risk Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

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• Sirkka Keinänen-Kiukaanniemi,

  Affiliations Institute of Health Sciences, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland, Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland

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• Eeva Korpi-Hyövälti,

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland

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• Leo Niskanen,

  Affiliations Finnish Medicines Agency, Helsinki, Finland, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

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• Heikki Oksa,

  Affiliation Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland

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• Timo Saaristo,

  Affiliations Pirkanmaa Hospital District, Tampere, Finland, Finnish Diabetes Association, Tampere, Finland

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• Jaakko Tuomilehto,

  Affiliations Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Internal Medicine, South Ostrobothnia Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland, Center for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

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• Mauno Vanhala,

  Affiliations Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland, Primary Health Care Unit, Central Finland Central Hospital, Jyväskylä, Finland

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• Matti Uusitupa,

  Affiliations Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland, Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

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• Markku Peltonen

  Affiliation Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland

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