Toll-Like Receptor 4 Mutant and Null Mice Retain Morphine-Induced Tolerance, Hyperalgesia, and Physical Dependence

• Theresa Alexandra Mattioli,

  Affiliation Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

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• Heather Leduc-Pessah,

  Affiliation Departments of Comparative Biology & Experimental Medicine, Physiology & Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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• Graham Skelhorne-Gross,

  Affiliations Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

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• Christopher J. B. Nicol,

  Affiliations Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, Cancer Biology and Genetics Division, Cancer Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

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• Brian Milne,

  Affiliations Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, Department of Anaesthesiology & Perioperative Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada

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• Tuan Trang,

  Affiliation Departments of Comparative Biology & Experimental Medicine, Physiology & Pharmacology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada

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• Catherine M. Cahill

  * E-mail: cmcahill@uci.edu

  Affiliations Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America

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