Importance of Gradients in Membrane Properties and Electrical Coupling in Sinoatrial Node Pacing

• Shin Inada,

  Affiliation National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan

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• Henggui Zhang,

  Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biological Physics Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

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• James O. Tellez,

  Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biological Physics Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

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• Nitaro Shibata,

  Affiliation Shinjuku Mitsui Building Clinic, Tokyo, Japan

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• Kazuo Nakazawa,

  Affiliation National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan

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• Kaichiro Kamiya,

  Affiliation Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

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• Itsuo Kodama,

  Affiliation Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

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• Kazuyuki Mitsui,

  Affiliation Graduate School of Advanced Science and Technology, Tokyo Denki University, Tokyo, Japan

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• Halina Dobrzynski,

  Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biological Physics Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

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• Mark R. Boyett,

  Affiliation Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biological Physics Group, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

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• Haruo Honjo

  * E-mail: honjo@riem.nagoya-u.ac.jp

  Affiliation Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

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