Application of Nitrogen and Carbon Stable Isotopes (δ15N and δ13C) to Quantify Food Chain Length and Trophic Structure

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Application of Nitrogen and Carbon Stable Isotopes (δ¹⁵N and δ¹³C) to Quantify Food Chain Length and Trophic Structure

Matthew J. Perkins ,

* E-mail: matthewjperkins@outlook.com

Affiliation Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
⨯
Robbie A. McDonald,

Affiliation Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
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F. J. Frank van Veen,

Affiliation Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
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Simon D. Kelly,

Affiliation Food and Environment Research Agency, York, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
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Gareth Rees,

Affiliation Food and Environment Research Agency, York, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
⨯
Stuart Bearhop

Affiliation Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, United Kingdom
⨯

Food chains
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Wheat
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Maize
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Aphids
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Trophic interactions
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Larvae
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Stable isotopes
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Invertebrates
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