Early Warning Signals of Ecological Transitions: Methods for Spatial Patterns

• Sonia Kéfi ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Sonia Kéfi, Vishwesha Guttal

  * E-mail: sonia.kefi@univ-montp2.fr

  Affiliation Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution, CNRS, Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier, France

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• Vishwesha Guttal ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Sonia Kéfi, Vishwesha Guttal

  Affiliation Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India

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• William A. Brock,

  Affiliations Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America, Department of Economics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America

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• Stephen R. Carpenter,

  Affiliations Department of Economics, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States of America, Center for Limnology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

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• Aaron M. Ellison,

  Affiliation Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Valerie N. Livina,

  Affiliation National Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington, United Kingdom

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• David A. Seekell,

  Affiliation Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

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• Marten Scheffer,

  Affiliation Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

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• Egbert H. van Nes,

  Affiliation Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands

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• Vasilis Dakos

  Affiliation Integrative Ecology Group, Estacion Biologica de Donana, Sevilla, Spain

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