Consequences of a Refuge for the Predator-Prey Dynamics of a Wolf-Elk System in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Joshua F. Goldberg ,

* E-mail: joshua.goldberg@umontana.edu

Affiliation Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Science, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
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Mark Hebblewhite,

Affiliation Wildlife Biology Program, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Science, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
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John Bardsley

Affiliation Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
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Wolves
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Valleys
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Predator-prey dynamics
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Predation
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Population dynamics
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Deer
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Canada
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Death rates
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