Aromatic Amino Acid Activation of Signaling Pathways in Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Depends on Oxygen Tension

• Mona El Refaey,

  Affiliation Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America

  ⨯
• Qing Zhong,

  Affiliations Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America

  ⨯
• William D. Hill,

  Affiliations Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America

  ⨯
• Xing-Ming Shi,

  Affiliations Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America

  ⨯
• Mark W. Hamrick,

  Affiliations Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America

  ⨯
• Lakiea Bailey,

  Affiliation Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America

  ⨯
• Maribeth Johnson,

  Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America

  ⨯
• Jianrui Xu,

  Affiliations Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America

  ⨯
• Wendy B. Bollag,

  Affiliations Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America, Department of Physiology, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America, Charlie Norwood VA Medical Center, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America

  ⨯
• Norman Chutkan,

  Affiliations Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America

  ⨯
• Carlos M. Isales

  * E-mail: cisales@gru.edu

  Affiliations Institute for Regenerative and Reparative Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America, Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Medical College of Georgia, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, Georgia, United States of America

  ⨯