Wake Development behind Paired Wings with Tip and Root Trailing Vortices: Consequences for Animal Flight Force Estimates

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Jan T. Horstmann,

Affiliations Bremen University of Applied Sciences, Bremen, Germany, Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
⨯
Per Henningsson,

Affiliations Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Department of Biology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
⨯
Adrian L. R. Thomas,

Affiliation Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
⨯
Richard J. Bomphrey

* E-mail: rbomphrey@rvc.ac.uk

Affiliations Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, Structure & Motion Laboratory, The Royal Veterinary College, London, United Kingdom
⨯

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Animal wings
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Aspect ratio
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Deformation
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Velocity
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Animal flight
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Insect flight
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Biological locomotion
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