Steroid Resistance in COPD? Overlap and Differential Anti-Inflammatory Effects in Smokers and Ex-Smokers

• Susan J. M. Hoonhorst,

  Affiliations University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC research institute, Groningen, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Nick H. T. ten Hacken,

  Affiliations University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC research institute, Groningen, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Judith M. Vonk,

  Affiliations University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC research institute, Groningen, The Netherlands, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology, Groningen, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Wim Timens,

  Affiliations University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC research institute, Groningen, The Netherlands, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Pieter S. Hiemstra,

  Affiliation Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Thérèse S. Lapperre,

  Affiliation Leiden University Medical Center, Department of Pulmonology, Leiden, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Peter J. Sterk,

  Affiliation University of Amsterdam, Academic Medical Centre Amsterdam, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

  ⨯
• Dirkje S. Postma

  * E-mail: d.s.postma@umcg.nl

  Affiliations University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Groningen, The Netherlands, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, GRIAC research institute, Groningen, The Netherlands

  ⨯