Toll-Like Receptor 4 Stimulation before or after Streptococcus pneumoniae Induced Sepsis Improves Survival and Is Dependent on T-Cells

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Edgar Musie ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Edgar Musie, Christopher C. Moore

Affiliation University of Venda, Department of Microbiology, Venda, South Africa
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Christopher C. Moore ,

Contributed equally to this work with: Edgar Musie, Christopher C. Moore

Affiliation University of Virginia, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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Edward N. Martin,

Affiliation University of Virginia, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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W. Michael Scheld

* E-mail: wms@virginia.edu

Affiliation University of Virginia, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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Sepsis
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Pneumococcus
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T cells
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Cytokines
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B cells
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Toll-like receptors
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Blood
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Genetically modified animals
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