Sex-Specific Differences in Pathogen Susceptibility in Honey Bees (Apis mellifera)

• Gina Retschnig ,

  * E-mail: gina.retschnig@gmail.com

  Affiliations Swiss Bee Research Centre, Research Station Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux ALP-HARAS, Bern, Switzerland, Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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• Geoffrey R. Williams,

  Affiliations Swiss Bee Research Centre, Research Station Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux ALP-HARAS, Bern, Switzerland, Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Department of Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

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• Marion M. Mehmann,

  Current address: Federal Veterinary Office FVO, Federal Department of Home Affairs FDHA, Bern, Switzerland

  Affiliation Swiss Bee Research Centre, Research Station Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux ALP-HARAS, Bern, Switzerland

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• Orlando Yañez,

  Affiliations Swiss Bee Research Centre, Research Station Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux ALP-HARAS, Bern, Switzerland, Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland

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• Joachim R. de Miranda,

  Affiliation Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden

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• Peter Neumann

  Affiliations Swiss Bee Research Centre, Research Station Agroscope Liebefeld-Posieux ALP-HARAS, Bern, Switzerland, Institute of Bee Health, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland, Social Insect Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa

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