Population-Based Monitoring of Emerging HIV-1 Drug Resistance on Antiretroviral Therapy and Associated Factors in a Sentinel Site in Cameroon: Low Levels of Resistance but Poor Programmatic Performance

• Serge C. Billong ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Serge C. Billong, Joseph Fokam

  * E-mail: josephfokam@gmail.com (JF); sergebillong@yahoo.fr (SCB)

  Affiliations National HIV Drug Resistance Prevention and Surveillance Working Group, Yaounde, Cameroon, National AIDS Control Committee, Central Technical Group, Yaounde, Cameroon, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon

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• Joseph Fokam ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Serge C. Billong, Joseph Fokam

  * E-mail: josephfokam@gmail.com (JF); sergebillong@yahoo.fr (SCB)

  Affiliations National HIV Drug Resistance Prevention and Surveillance Working Group, Yaounde, Cameroon, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon, CIRCB: Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Sequencing unit, Yaounde, Cameroon

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• Avelin F. Aghokeng,

  Affiliations National HIV Drug Resistance Prevention and Surveillance Working Group, Yaounde, Cameroon, Centre de Recherche en Maladies Emergentes et Ré-émergentes (CREMER)/IMPM/IRD, Virology Laboratory, Yaounde, Cameroon, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University Montpellier 1, UMI 233 TransVIHMI, Montpellier, France

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• Pascal Milenge,

  Affiliations National HIV Drug Resistance Prevention and Surveillance Working Group, Yaounde, Cameroon, World Health Organisation (WHO), Afro, HIV/AIDS, Yaounde, Cameroon

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• Etienne Kembou,

  Affiliations National HIV Drug Resistance Prevention and Surveillance Working Group, Yaounde, Cameroon, World Health Organisation (WHO), Afro, HIV/AIDS, Yaounde, Cameroon

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• Ibile Abessouguie,

  Affiliations National HIV Drug Resistance Prevention and Surveillance Working Group, Yaounde, Cameroon, National AIDS Control Committee, Central Technical Group, Yaounde, Cameroon

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• Flore Beatrice Meva’a-Onglene,

  Affiliation National Social Insurance Centre Hospital, Yaoundé-Cameroon, Approved Treatment Centre (ATC), Yaounde, Cameroon

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• Anne C. Zoung-Kanyi. Bissek,

  Affiliations National HIV Drug Resistance Prevention and Surveillance Working Group, Yaounde, Cameroon, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon

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• Vittorio Colizzi,

  Affiliations CIRCB: Chantal BIYA International Reference Centre for Research on HIV/AIDS prevention and management, Molecular Biology Laboratory, Sequencing unit, Yaounde, Cameroon, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Laboratory of Immunology and Molecular Pathology, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Rome, Italy

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• Eitel N. Mpoudi,

  Affiliation Centre de Recherche en Maladies Emergentes et Ré-émergentes (CREMER)/IMPM/IRD, Virology Laboratory, Yaounde, Cameroon

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• Jean-Bosco N. Elat,

  Affiliations National HIV Drug Resistance Prevention and Surveillance Working Group, Yaounde, Cameroon, National AIDS Control Committee, Central Technical Group, Yaounde, Cameroon

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• Koulla S. Shiro

  Affiliations Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences of the University of Yaounde 1, Yaounde, Cameroon, Yaounde Central Hospital, Infectiology service, Yaounde, Cameroon, Division of Operational Health Research, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon, General Secretariat, Ministry of Public Health, Yaounde, Cameroon, Agence Nationale pour la Recherche sur le Sida et les hépatites virales (ANRS)-Sud, Yaounde, Cameroon

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