HIV-1 Drug-Resistance Surveillance among Treatment-Experienced and -Naïve Patients after the Implementation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Ghana

• Nicholas I. Nii-Trebi ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Nicholas I. Nii-Trebi, Shiro Ibe, Jacob S. Barnor

  Affiliation Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

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• Shiro Ibe ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Nicholas I. Nii-Trebi, Shiro Ibe, Jacob S. Barnor

  Affiliation Department of Infection and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan

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• Jacob S. Barnor ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Nicholas I. Nii-Trebi, Shiro Ibe, Jacob S. Barnor

  Affiliation Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

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• Koichi Ishikawa,

  Affiliation AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

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• James A. M. Brandful,

  Affiliation Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

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• Sampson B. Ofori,

  Affiliation Department of Medicine, Koforidua Regional Hospital, Koforidua, Ghana

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• Shoji Yamaoka,

  Affiliation Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan

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• William K. Ampofo,

  Affiliation Department of Virology, Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana

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• Wataru Sugiura

  * E-mail: wsugiura@nnh.hosp.go.jp

  Affiliations Department of Infection and Immunology, Clinical Research Center, National Hospital Organization Nagoya Medical Center, Nagoya, Japan, Department of AIDS Research, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan

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