Clostridium difficile Modulates Host Innate Immunity via Toxin-Independent and Dependent Mechanism(s)

• Nazila V. Jafari,

  Affiliation Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

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• Sarah A. Kuehne,

  Affiliation Clostridia Research Group, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

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• Clare E. Bryant,

  Affiliation Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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• Mamoun Elawad,

  Affiliation Gastroenterology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom

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• Brendan W. Wren,

  Affiliation Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom

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• Nigel P. Minton,

  Affiliation Clostridia Research Group, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre NIHR Biomedical Research Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom

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• Elaine Allan,

  Affiliation Research Department of Microbial Diseases, Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom

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• Mona Bajaj-Elliott

  * E-mail: m.bajaj-elliott@ucl.ac.uk

  Affiliation Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Unit, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom

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