Ricin Crosses Polarized Human Intestinal Cells and Intestines of Ricin-Gavaged Mice without Evident Damage and Then Disseminates to Mouse Kidneys

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Alyssa D. Flora,

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Louise D. Teel,

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Mark A. Smith,

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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James F. Sinclair,

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Angela R. Melton-Celsa,

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Alison D. O’Brien

* E-mail: alison.obrien@usuhs.edu

Affiliation Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Ricin
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Intoxication
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Gastrointestinal tract
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Toxins
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Organoids
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Kidneys
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Fluorescence imaging
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Small intestine
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