Risk Factors of Fecal Toxigenic or Non-Toxigenic Clostridium difficile Colonization: Impact of Toll-Like Receptor Polymorphisms and Prior Antibiotic Exposure

• Yuan-Pin Hung ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Yuan-Pin Hung, Hsiao-Ju Lin

  Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan

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• Hsiao-Ju Lin ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Yuan-Pin Hung, Hsiao-Ju Lin

  Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Tainan, Taiwan

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• Tai-Chieh Wu,

  Affiliation Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan

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• Hsiu-Chuan Liu,

  Affiliation Department of Experiment and Diagnosis, Tainan Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan

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• Jen-Chieh Lee,

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan

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• Chih-I Lee,

  Affiliation Department of Internal Medicine, Tainan Hospital, Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Tainan, Taiwan

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• Yi-Hui Wu,

  Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, Department of Internal Medicine, PingTung Christian Hospita, PingTung, Taiwan

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• Lei Wan,

  Affiliation School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan

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• Pei-Jane Tsai ,

  * E-mail: peijtsai@mail.ncku.edu.com (PJT); winston3415@gmail.com (WCK)

  Affiliation Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan

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• Wen-Chien Ko

  * E-mail: peijtsai@mail.ncku.edu.com (PJT); winston3415@gmail.com (WCK)

  Affiliations Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, Center for Infection Control, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan, Department of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan

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