Natural Experiment Demonstrates That Bird Loss Leads to Cessation of Dispersal of Native Seeds from Intact to Degraded Forests

• Eleanor M. Caves ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Eleanor M. Caves, Summer B. Jennings

  Affiliations Biology Department, Pomona College, Claremont, California, United States of America, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom

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• Summer B. Jennings ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Eleanor M. Caves, Summer B. Jennings

  Affiliations Biology Department, Butte Community College, Oroville, California, United States of America, Department of Biology, Southern Oregon University, Ashland, Oregon, United States of America

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• Janneke HilleRisLambers,

  Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

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• Joshua J. Tewksbury,

  Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

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• Haldre S. Rogers

  * E-mail: haldre@rice.edu

  Affiliations Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Rice University, Houston, Texas, United States of America

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