Independent and Supra-Additive Effects of Alcohol Consumption, Cigarette Smoking, and Metabolic Syndrome on the Elevation of Serum Liver Enzyme Levels

• Eun Young Park,

  Affiliations National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea

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• Min Kyung Lim ,

  * E-mail: mickey@ncc.re.kr

  Affiliation National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea

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• Jin-Kyoung Oh,

  Affiliation National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea

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• Heeyoun Cho,

  Affiliation National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea

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• Mi Jin Bae,

  Affiliation National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea

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• E. Hwa Yun,

  Affiliation National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea

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• Dong-il Kim,

  Affiliation Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea

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• Hai-Rim Shin

  Affiliations National Cancer Control Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea, Non Communicable Diseases and Health Promotion, World Health Organization Western Pacific Regional Office, Manila, The Philippines

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