Direct Electric Current Treatment under Physiologic Saline Conditions Kills Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms via Electrolytic Generation of Hypochlorous Acid

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Elizabeth L. Sandvik,

Affiliations Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
⨯
Bruce R. McLeod,

Affiliations Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
⨯
Albert E. Parker,

Affiliations Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
⨯
Philip S. Stewart

* E-mail: phil_s@erc.montana.edu

Affiliations Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, United States of America
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Chlorine
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Bacterial biofilms
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Antibiotics
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Biofilms
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Staphylococcus epidermidis
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Chlorides
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Cathodes
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Electrolytes
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