Placebo Effects on the Immune Response in Humans: The Role of Learning and Expectation

• Antje Albring ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Antje Albring, Laura Wendt

  Affiliation Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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• Laura Wendt ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Antje Albring, Laura Wendt

  Affiliation Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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• Sven Benson,

  Affiliation Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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• Oliver Witzke,

  Affiliation Department of Nephrology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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• Andreas Kribben,

  Affiliation Department of Nephrology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany

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• Harald Engler,

  Affiliation Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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• Manfred Schedlowski

  * E-mail: manfred.schedlowski@uk-essen.de

  Affiliation Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany

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