Morphine Decreases Enteric Neuron Excitability via Inhibition of Sodium Channels

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Tricia H. Smith,

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
⨯
John R. Grider,

Affiliation Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
⨯
William L. Dewey,

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
⨯
Hamid I. Akbarali

* E-mail: hiakbarali@vcu.edu

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
⨯

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Morphine
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Neurons
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Action potentials
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Neuronal morphology
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Motor neurons
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Membrane potential
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Opioids
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Guinea pigs
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