Multimodal Pyrethroid Resistance in Malaria Vectors, Anopheles gambiae s.s., Anopheles arabiensis, and Anopheles funestus s.s. in Western Kenya

• Hitoshi Kawada ,

  * E-mail: vergiss@nagasaki-u.ac.jp

  Affiliation Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

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• Gabriel O. Dida,

  Affiliations School of Public Health, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya, Springs of Hope, Mbita, Kenya

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• Kazunori Ohashi,

  Affiliation Agricultural Chemicals Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd., Hyogo, Japan

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• Osamu Komagata,

  Affiliation National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

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• Shinji Kasai,

  Affiliation National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

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• Takashi Tomita,

  Affiliation National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan

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• George Sonye,

  Affiliation Springs of Hope, Mbita, Kenya

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• Yoshihide Maekawa,

  Affiliation Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

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• Cassian Mwatele,

  Affiliation Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control, Nairobi, Kenya

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• Sammy M. Njenga,

  Affiliation Eastern and Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control, Nairobi, Kenya

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• Charles Mwandawiro,

  Affiliation Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya

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• Noboru Minakawa,

  Affiliations Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan, The Global Center of Excellence Program, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

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• Masahiro Takagi

  Affiliation Department of Vector Ecology and Environment, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan

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