Homing Pigeons Only Navigate in Air with Intact Environmental Odours: A Test of the Olfactory Activation Hypothesis with GPS Data Loggers

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Anna Gagliardo ,

* E-mail: agagliardo@biologia.unipi.it

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
⨯
Paolo Ioalè,

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
⨯
Caterina Filannino,

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
⨯
Martin Wikelski

Affiliation Department for Migration and Immuno-ecology, Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Radolfzell, Germany
⨯

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Pigeons
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Birds
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Animal navigation
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Navigation
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Homing behavior
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Anesthesia
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Bird flight
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Smell
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