Drag-Based ‘Hovering’ in Ducks: The Hydrodynamics and Energetic Cost of Bottom Feeding

Open Access

Peer-reviewed

Research Article

Gal Ribak ,

* E-mail: gal.ribak@gmail.com

Current address: Technion Autonomous Systems Program, Faculty of Aerospace Engineering, Technion I.I.T, Haifa, Israel

Affiliations Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, United States of America, Zoology Animal Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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John G. Swallow,

Affiliation Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota, United States of America
⨯
David R. Jones

Affiliation Zoology Animal Care, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Ducks
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Birds
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Buoyancy
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Swimming
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Kinematics
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Velocity
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Mechanical energy
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Propulsion
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