Cultivated Grapevines Represent a Symptomless Reservoir for the Transmission of Hop Stunt Viroid to Hop Crops: 15 Years of Evolutionary Analysis

• Yoko Kawaguchi-Ito,

  Affiliation United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan

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• Shi-Fang Li ,

  * E-mail: sfli@ippcaas.cn (SFL); sano@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp (TS)

  Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China

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• Masaya Tagawa,

  Affiliation Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan

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• Hiroyuki Araki,

  Affiliation Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan

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• Masafumi Goshono,

  Affiliation Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan

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• Shingen Yamamoto,

  Affiliation Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan

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• Mayumi Tanaka,

  Affiliation Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan

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• Masako Narita,

  Affiliation Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan

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• Kazuaki Tanaka,

  Affiliation Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan

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• Sheng-Xue Liu,

  Affiliation Key Oasis Eco-agriculture Laboratory of Xinjiang Production and Construction Group, Shihezi, People's Republic of China

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• Eishiro Shikata,

  Affiliation Graduate School of Agriculture, Japan Academy, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan

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• Teruo Sano

  * E-mail: sfli@ippcaas.cn (SFL); sano@cc.hirosaki-u.ac.jp (TS)

  Affiliation Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Japan

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