Characterization of Granulations of Calcium and Apatite in Serum as Pleomorphic Mineralo-Protein Complexes and as Precursors of Putative Nanobacteria

• John D. Young ,

  * E-mail: dingeyoung@hotmail.com

  Affiliations Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China, Adjunct Faculty, Laboratory of Cellular Physiology and Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, United States of America, Biochemical Engineering Research Center, Mingchi University of Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China

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• Jan Martel ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Jan Martel, David Young

  Affiliations Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China

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• David Young ,

  Contributed equally to this work with: Jan Martel, David Young

  Affiliations Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Andrew Young,

  Affiliation Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China

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• Chin-Ming Hung,

  Affiliation Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China

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• Lena Young,

  Affiliations Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

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• Ying-Jie Chao,

  Affiliation Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China

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• James Young,

  Affiliation Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China

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• Cheng-Yeu Wu

  Affiliations Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China, Research Center of Bacterial Pathogenesis, Chang Gung University, Gueishan, Taiwan, Republic of China

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