A tree's vascular cambium is the living, growing part of the trunk, moving water up to the leaves and photosynthate down to the roots through internal conduits. When it is injured by externally-induced trauma, the cambium responds in ways critical to the tree's health, narrowing these conduits. In this study Arbellay et al. examine how injury from avalanches changed internal cambial structure, and what sampling is necessary to reliably identify such damage. Their findings thus advance retrospective injury detection, and help us to understand the hydraulic implications of wounding.